In cablesuspended structures, the draped cables are the main supporting elements of the structure, and their curvature is a major factor in the load carrying capacity of the system. The primary structure of the roof consists of a doubly curved cable net with a total area of 12,500 m the maximum horizontal span on plan in the eastwest direction is 1m and 119m in the northsouth. A cable is the main component of cable supported bridge or suspended roof structures that are classified as follows. Design process for prototype concrete shells using a. Prior to the 1950s, steel cables were used primarily for longspan bridge structures, not buildings.
The contribution of this text to the structural engineering community lies in the increased interest in building simple cable roof structures. The second edition of this book provides structural engineers with a concise introduction to the architectural, structural and. This support is usually a beam which is secured under the rafters at a point half way between the ridge and the wallplate. There are two major classes of cablestayed bridges. Tensile structures are the most common type of thinshell structures most tensile structures are supported by some form of compression or. It is pulled down hard on to the seating bowl structure below, giving the venue its distinctive roof form. An example of primary point support structures is the simple cone structure that consists of a mast in the center of the membrane. Pdf nafems paper on the design of cable roof structures. The results are structures of unique depth and openness, with large spans made possible by balancing the need for reduced self weight, with the. The easiest structure type to think is a tension structure to resist only tensile force and of these, the simplest are those which sustain only unidirectional tension as represented by a cable or thin rod. Plane isolated cable subjected to vertical loading.
Cable and tension structures the constructor civil. Next prev an introduction to cable roof structures, second edition. On the other hand, cable structures are very deformable, especially in the event of non uniformly distributed external loads. Advancements in the understanding and analysis of cableroof structures culminated in buildings like the olympic roof project designed for the 1972 olympics in munich, germany. Chang, hong wu, jinzhi liu, caiwei gao, zhanyuan zhang, weijing li, xiongyan 2011. Roof structures roofs section1 module 3 sheet 12section double roofs a double roof is a roof whose rafters are of such a length that they require an intermediate support. Roof span this is the distance across the roof and measured to the outer edges of the wall plates. Be it a catenary lighting system, a tensioned fabric roof, a simple yet elegant cable stayed bridge or a cable net, all depend on cables as the primary load carrying structure.
Construction systems,steel cables all architecture and. Stadium, cable net roof, tension ring, radial cables, steel cables, suspended roof 1. Pdf on may 1, 2003, philip esper and others published nafems paper on the design of cable roof structures find, read and cite all the research you need. That spectacular operation lasted from 22 to 31 march 2011. Optimum design of wide span cablestayed roof structures ijser. Structural cable systems by ronstan tensile architecture. The basic conclusion drawn from the previous definition is that only tensile forces. Cable and tension structures high strength steel cables have been used extensively over the past twenty five years for space roof structures. Cable erection of adana stadium suspended roof turkey. A cablesuspended roof structure is provided to span wide areas as, for example, stadiums, coliseums, arenas, playing fields and the like. There are several types of cablesupported structures, but they can generally be sorted into two categories, cablesuspended and cablestayed structures.
Prestressed fabrics can be applied as formwork for anticlastic shell structures. Cablenet and fabric formworks for concrete shells eth z. A tensile structure is a construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression or bending. Analysis and design of cable structure s sciencedirect. In the harp or parallel design, the cables are nearly parallel so that the height of their attachment to the tower is proportional to the distance from the. From an ecological, social and cultural perspective lightweight structures have never been more contemporary and necessary than today. Nsc olimpiyskiy had the event which people had been waiting for the most since the start of reconstruction the lift of a cablestayed roof. Mustafa teaching assistant faculty of architecture the cables strucure systems 2. The results are structures of unique depth and openness, with large spans made possible by balancing the need for reduced self weight, with the application of minimalist and efficient high tensile cable tendons. Pdf optimum design of wide span cablestayed roof structures. Cable structures are structures with cables as the main loadcarrying elements. The cable net lies in the surface of a hyperbolic paraboloid. Structural design of the cablenet and fabric formed.
Cable net roofs an introduction to cable roof structures. Design considerations in cablestayed roof structures cablesupported roof structures have inspired and fascinated people for many years. While this structural requirement poses as a restriction in the architectural design of cable net structure, it has established a characteristic signature shape to cable. Design considerations in cablestayedroof structures. The glazed roof structure of the elegant shopping arcade juridicum passage consists of a steel substructure with tension cables.
The second edition of this book provides structural engineers with a concise introduction to the architectural, structural and technological aspects of cable roofs, and supplies sufficient information for engineers to carry out their own designs. Today, cables structures are recognized as innovative structural solutions that create dramatic forms. This in effect, prestresses the monolithic roof structure. Conceptual design and analysis of membrane structures. Design considerations in cablestayed roof structures. The cablenet includes 14 km of steel cable, with 36 main cables arranged in pairs at 3. Glasgow city hall ten cablenet modular tension wire grids in the 1,066 capacity grand hall. There are two different possibilities when using steel cables in roof structures. Roof structures roofs 12section module 3 sheet 8 pitches, spans and rises when setting out a roof, there are certain essential factors that must be considered. The graceful curve of the huge main cables of a suspension bridge is almost a catenary, the shape assumed by any string or cable suspended. An introduction to cable roof structures the second edition of this book provides structural engineers with a concise introduction to the architectural, structural and technological aspects of cable roofs, and supplies sufficient information for engineers to carry out their own designs. Cables in a cablesupported roof must be maintained in tension easily achieved if the roof is saddle shaped.
Examples include tropicana field and the georgia dome both cabledomes, the millennium dome a cablenet system, and the david l. Numerical technique for estimation of cable roof structural. Highly efficient, cable structures include the suspension bridge, the cablestayed roof, and the bicyclewheel roof. The dorton arena in north carolina has a roof supported by a net of cables. By combining a cable net with fabric, it is possible to scale the concept of fabric formworks to the size of largespan roofs and bridges, especially when applying a thin coat of concrete or mortar to form a. Pdf carbon fiber reinforced polymer for cable structures.
An introduction to cable roof structures hans anton. London 2012 olympic velodrome how the structure works. Similarly threaded rods subjected to tension could fail by rupture at the root of the threaded region and hence net area, an, is the root area of the threaded section fig. The maximum horizontal span on plan in the eastwest direction is 1m and 119m in the northsouth direction.
More specifically, a roof is provided in which cables under tension extend between substantially centrally located tension ring means and a surrounding continuous or enclosed ringlike compression member, their ends being anchored. The roof structure can be stiffened by applying a temporary load to the structure after the precast panels are hung in place on the cable net, filling the space between the panels with concrete, and. The first possibility, consists of using the cables only for suspension of the main roof structure, which can be either conventional, e. More specifically, a roof is provided in which cables under tension extend between substantially centrally located tension ring means and a surrounding continuous or enclosed ringlike compression member, their ends being.
He built with a cable net system that was anchored and hung from tall masts. If one of the main dimensions of an element is bigger than the two remaining ones, and section rigidity with respect to bending and torsion is small in comparison to tension rigidity, such an element is regarded to be a cable. Cable roof structures can be divided into categories based on whether the roof cladding is supported by. These masts were placed behind the stands to make sure they didnt disturb the views of. Practical aspects of the design and construction of a small cable. Cablesupported structures from around the world structurae. Lightweight structures are materialefficient because the materials. Introduction adana stadiumcable net roof design is based on the bicycle wheel principle using cable. An introduction to cable roof structures, second edition. Construction method and construction monitoring of a cable supported roof. Design fundamentals of cable roof structures scalzi, john b on. The shell features spans in the range of 69m and is supported on five touchdown points with free edges along its entire perimeter. The improved methods for generating wind and earthquake histories have been included as the trend in modern design codes seem.
Analysis and design of cable structures 829 the cable depicted in fig. The design and construction of fabric structures j core. The roof of hilo is an anticlastic, thin shell structure to be constructed using a prestressed cable net and fabric formwork. The elegant shopping arcade is finally open for business. An introduction to cable roof structures ice virtual library. As a result once the load is applied the geometry of cable remains fixed. A brief history of structures pennsylvania state university. Our mission is to make structures stronger and last longer, and to provide an enriching work experience for our people so they develop, have fun, and grow with us. Conceptual design and analysis of membrane structures masters thesis in architectural engineering. Cable structure, form of longspan structure that is subject to tension and uses suspension cables for support. Design of tension members tension failure by rupture.
This scheme has been used a number of times, mainly in europe, but has proved less. The term tensile should not be confused with tensegrity, which is a structural form with both tension and compression elements. A practical guide to cable and membrane construction. Cable structures the lightness of construction playing with free forms, wide span elements and light weight structures. The structural team meets the needs of our customers by providing innovative and valueadded solutions to infrastructure challenges. Cablestayed bridges a cablestayed bridge has one or more towers or pylons, from which cables support the bridge deck.
The new structures consist of a foldable lattice of beams connected by cylindrical joints, to which covering panels or membranes are. A cable roof structure is characterized as a lightweight system consisting of steel cable elements attached to compression elements stabilized by guy and stay cables. This paper provides background information on the development of cablenet wall systems and technologies, and descriptive. The results are structures of unique depth and openness, with large spans made possible by balancing the need for reduced self weight, with the application of minimalist.
This is lightweight tensile architecture and a ronstan passion. Specialist designbuild contractors are typically engaged to ensure that the installation process is successfully completed. However, cables systems still represent a relatively new form of roof construction. Analysis of cable netpanel roof system sciencedirect.
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